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Agriculture is the production of food and goods through farming. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of human civilization, with the husbandry of domesticated animals and plants (i.e. crops) creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more densely populated and stratified societies. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. Agriculture is also observed in certain species of ant and termite. Agriculture encompasses a wide variety of specialties

The Organic Farming Digest (1946 1954) was the first organic journal to be published by an agricultural association. The Digest was published quarterly and it included Australian, British, American, European and African authors. About half of the articles published were by Australian authors. The Organic Farming Digest was published by the Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society (1944 1955) which was founded in Sydney, Australia on 5 October 1944. The Society was the first

The Northeast Organic Farming Association (NOFA) is a Non profit organization that promotes healthy food, organic farming practices, and a clean environment. The purpose of the organization is to provide educational conferences, workshops, farm tours, and printed materials to educate farmers, gardeners, consumers, and land care professionals. NOFA's membership is made up of about 5,000 farmers, gardeners, and consumers. NOFA has chapters in the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New

The history of organic farming dates back to the first half of the 20th century at a time when there was a growing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. The first 40 years of the 20th century saw simultaneous advances in biochemistry and engineering that rapidly and profoundly changed farming. The introduction of the gasoline powered internal combustion engine ushered in the era of the tractor, and made possible hundreds of mechanized farm implements. Research in plant breeding led to the

The Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society (1944–1955) was founded in Sydney on 5 October 1944, during the closing months of World War II. It came into being two years before the United Kingdom's Soil Association, thus becoming the first agriculture organisation in the world to call itself an organic association. The Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society produced a quarterly journal, Organic Farming Digest (1946–1954), which was the first organic journal to be published

The effect of organic farming has been a subject of interest for researchers. Theory suggests that organic farming practices, which exclude the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, would be beneficial for biodiversity, and this has proven true. Spanning all associated species, there is an average of 30% more on organic farms versus conventional farming methods. In ancient farming practices, farmers did not possess the technology or manpower to have a significant impact on the

The Niue Island Organic Association(Inc.) was formed with the leadership of Mrs Rauru Vakaafi being one of the key vanilla growers in 2003. The main goal of the association is for Niue to become a fully organic nation by 2010. The New Zealand organic certification company BioGro is being selected for certiying farms. The members of the Executive Committee are Hiva Levi, Bill Motufoou Vakaafi, Taufakavalu Tukiuha, Gina Tukiuha, Director EPDS, Director Environment and Director DAFF. NZAID is

Organic horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of organic agriculture in soil building and conservation, pest management, and heirloom variety preservation. The Latin words hortus (garden plant) and cultura (culture) together form horticulture, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulture is also sometimes defined simply as “agriculture minus the plough.” Instead of

Intensive farming or intensive agriculture is an agricultural production system characterized by the high inputs of capital, labour, or heavy usage of technologies such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area. This is in contrast to many forms of sustainable agriculture such as organic farming or extensive agriculture, which involve a relatively low input of materials and labour, relative to the area of land farmed, and which focus on maintaining long term ecological health